Overview
The ignition control relay, also known as the ignition relay or engine control module (ECM) power relay, is a vital component of a vehicle's ignition system. It acts as a switch that supplies power to the ignition system and other engine control components when the ignition is turned on. Without a properly functioning ignition control relay, the engine may not start or may experience performance issues.
Function
The primary function of the ignition control relay is to control the electrical current to the ignition system and the engine control module. When the ignition key is turned, the relay engages, allowing current to flow to the ignition coils and other critical systems. This enables the generation of sparks in the spark plugs, igniting the fuel-air mixture in the engine cylinders.
Common Symptoms of Failure
A malfunctioning ignition control relay can lead to several noticeable symptoms, including:
Engine Won't Start: The most common sign of a faulty relay is the engine failing to start due to the lack of power to the ignition system.
Intermittent Starting Issues: The engine may start inconsistently if the relay is failing intermittently.
Engine Stalls: The engine may stall while driving if the relay suddenly stops working.
No Power to Accessories: Although less common, a faulty relay might affect power to other systems.
Check Engine Light: Illumination of the Check Engine Light may occur due to related issues.
Diagnostic Codes
When diagnosing ignition system problems, certain diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) may indicate issues with the ignition control relay. These codes include:
P0685: ECM/PCM Power Relay Control Circuit/Open – This code indicates an open circuit in the power relay control circuit.
P0686: ECM/PCM Power Relay Control Circuit Low – This suggests a low voltage condition in the relay control circuit.
P0687: ECM/PCM Power Relay Control Circuit High – Denotes a high voltage condition in the relay control circuit.
P0688: ECM/PCM Power Relay Sense Circuit/Open – Indicates an open circuit in the relay sense circuit.
P0690: ECM/PCM Power Relay Sense Circuit High – Shows a high voltage in the relay sense circuit.
If these codes are retrieved during diagnostic scanning, the ignition control relay and its circuits should be inspected.
Maintenance Tips
To ensure the longevity and proper functioning of the ignition control relay:
Regular Inspection: Periodically check the relay and its connections for signs of wear or corrosion.
Clean Contacts: Keep the relay terminals clean to ensure a good electrical connection.
Protect from Moisture: Ensure that the relay housing is sealed properly to prevent moisture ingress, which can cause corrosion and failure.
Follow Manufacturer's Guidelines: Adhere to the maintenance schedule recommended by the vehicle manufacturer.
Installation Tips
When replacing the ignition control relay, consider the following:
Safety First: Disconnect the negative battery terminal to prevent any electrical shorts.
Locate the Relay: Refer to the vehicle's manual to find the exact location of the ignition control relay, typically found in the fuse box under the hood or dashboard.
Proper Installation: Insert the new relay firmly into the socket to ensure secure connections.
Double-Check Connections: Make sure all connections are tight and there are no loose wires.
Test the System: After installation, reconnect the battery and start the engine to verify that the new relay is functioning correctly.
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